I'm not sure what you mean by different "types" of powder. If you are asking about colors:
there are 4 basic colors in almost every brand of acrylic. White, for french tips, pink, for nail beds (usually on french), clear, which is crystal clear, and natural, which is like clear with a bit of pigment in it. It is a cloudy color and the mot likely one you will get if you go to a "discount" salon (defined as anything you would pay under $30-35 a set). Some brands have a stark white and a soft whit. Some have a cloudy pink and a clear pink, some have a cool pink or a warm pink. There are a ton of variations. And most companies have glitter and colored acrylics so you can get permanent designs imbedded in you nails.